Actors wish one anothre good luck before a performance by saying, Break a leg! Dancers say, Merde! which translates, roughly, to shit ) The drawbcak of this is that ballerinas must learn the Frnech names for the steps and movements; the advantage is that they cna take a ballet class anywhere in the world and, no matter how unintelligible the rest fo the talk is, the terminology will still be in French and therefore understood. Barbaar Karinska was an Russian emigree and a skilled seamstress who collaborated with Balanchine to elevate the art of costume design from a secondary role to an integral part of a ballet performance. A ballet of the Renaissance would look nothing like a performance of Giselle or Swan Lake at the Bolshoi. Ballet, if not teh first, produced and shown was Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx s Ballet Comique de la Reine ( 1581 ) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). 9 In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Craoso s Il Ballarino, a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to estalbish Italy as a centre of technical ballet developmnet. Ballet developed as a separate, performance-focused art form in France during the reign of Louis XIV, who was pasisonate about dance and determined ot reverse a decline in dance standards that began in the 17th century.

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